自学自救 发表于 2025-4-13 11:06:41

pi3k/akt/mtor通路药物再整理

pi3k/akt/mtor通路激活之于乳腺癌,既与雌激素、HER2并驾齐驱为其主驱动;又为内分泌药物、HER2药物、化疗药耐药之主因;无论如何强调皆不为过。




第一部分 PI3K/MTOR 双重抑制剂


一、Dactolisib (BEZ235)

Dactolisib (BEZ235, NVP-BEZ235) 是一种双重ATP竞争性 PI3K 和 mTOR 抑制剂,在无细胞试验中,抑制 p110α/γ/δ/β 和 mTOR(p70S6K) 的 IC50 分别为 4 nM /5 nM /7 nM /75 nM /6 nM。 在 3T3TopBP1-ER 细胞中抑制 ATR,IC50 为 21 nM,而对 Akt 和 PDK1 的抑制作用很弱。Dactolisib可诱导自噬并抑制HIV-1的复制。

1、cas号:915019-65-7

2、分子量:469.55

3、用法用量:联药用时,每天一次,每次剂量不超过600毫克 (《Phase 1/1b dose escalation and expansion study of BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors including patients with advanced breast cancer》: The MTD of BEZ235 in combination with trastuzumab was 600 mg/day. )

4、常见副作用:恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡




二、PF-04691502 (PF4691502)

PF-04691502 (PF4691502) 是一种ATP竞争性的PI3K(α/β/δ/γ)/mTOR双重抑制剂,在无细胞试验中Ki为1.8 nM/2.1 nM/1.6 nM/1.9 nM和16 nM。

1、cas号:1013101-36-4

2、分子量:425.48

3、用法用量:每天一次,每次不超过8毫克。(《Phase I study of PF-04691502, a small-molecule, oral, dual inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, in patients with advanced cancer》:Daily oral administration of PF-04691502 was tolerable at 8 mg orally once daily, with a safety profile similar to other PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.)

4、常见副作用:恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡





三、VS-5584 (SB2343)

VS-5584 (SB2343)是一种有效的,选择性,PI3K/mTOR双重抑制剂,抑制mTOR和PI3Kα/β/δ/γ,IC50分别为3.4 nM和2.6-21 nM。

1、CAS号:1246560-33-7

2、分子量:354.41

3、用法用量:在临床试验 NCT02372227中,用法是Starting dose of VS-5584 will be 20mg taken once daily, 3x/week of each 21 day cycle. 每周吃三天,每天 一次,每次低剂量是20毫克,高剂量没有披露。
在VS-5584联合吉非替尼的小鼠动物试验里,小鼠VS-5584剂量是 11毫克每公斤,耐受良好。(《VS-5584, a novel and highly selective PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer》: Monotreatment of NCI-N87 tumor-bearing mice with VS-5584 at 11 mg/kg or gefitinib at 150 mg/kg resulted in a TGI of 88% and 17% (P < 0.001; Fig. 4E; structure of gefitinib is shown in Fig. 4F), which was only statistically significant for VS-5584. Combination therapy at the same dose levels resulted in a TGI of 121% (P < 0.001). The Clarke’s combination index was −0.1 indicating synergism (14). The combination was very well tolerated with no significant body weight loss (data not shown). Our data show that this tumor is highly sensitive to VS-5584 as a single agent and that the drug can act synergistically with gefitinib.)

5、常见副作用:恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡



四、Bimiralisib (PQR309)

Bimiralisib (PQR309) 是一种有效的,可渗透脑的,PI3K/mTOR 抑制剂,抑制 PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ 和 mTOR,IC50 分别为 33 nM,451 nM,661 nM,708 nM 和 89 nM。

1、cas号:1225037-39-7

2、分子量:411.38
3、用法用量:Bimiralisib (PQR309) 在 NCT02850744 临床试验中的剂量是80mg capsules p.o. once daily 每天一次,每次80毫克。

4、常见副作用:高血糖、中性粒细胞减少症、血小板减少症、腹泻。




五、Apitolisib (GDC-0980)

Apitolisib (GDC-0980, RG7422, GNE 390)是一种有效的,I型PI3K抑制剂,作用于PI3Kα/β/δ/γ,无细胞试验中IC50分别为5 nM/27 nM/7 nM/14 nM,也是mTOR抑制剂,无细胞试验中Ki为17 nM。

1、cas号:1032754-93-0

2、分子量:498.6

3、用法用量:Apitolisib (GDC-0980)在一些临床试验中的单药用法是每天一次,每次40毫克。(《Randomized Open-Label Phase II Trial of Apitolisib (GDC-0980), a Novel Inhibitor of the PI3K/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway, Versus Everolimus in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma》:apitolisib 40 mg once per day)。联用时应减少剂量。

4、常见副作用:高血糖、皮疹、肺炎、腹泻等





六、Samotolisib (LY3023414)

Samotolisib (LY3023414) 有效且选择性地抑制 PI3Kα,PI3Kβ,PI3Kδ,PI3Kγ,DNA-PK,和 mTOR ,IC50 分别为 6.07 nM,77.6 nM,38 nM,23.8 nM,4.24 nM,和 165 nM。在低纳摩尔浓度下,Samotolisib 有效抑制 mTORC1/2。


1、CAS号:1386874-06-1

2、分子量:406.48

3、用法用量:每天两次,每次200毫克。(“All patients received LY3023414 at the recommended dose of 200 mg orally twice daily, administered without interruption on a 21-day cycle.”《Phase 2 study of LY3023414 in patients with advanced endometrial cancer harboring activating mutations in the PI3K pathway》)

4、常见副作用:贫血、高血糖、白蛋白低、血磷酸低、转氨酶高、恶心、低钾、低钙






七、Omipalisib (GSK2126458)

Omipalisib (GSK2126458) 是一种口服有效的,高选择性的 PI3K 抑制剂,抑制 p110α/β/δ/γ,mTORC1/2 的活性,Ki 值分别为 0.019 nM/0.13 nM/0.024 nM/0.06 nM 和 0.18 nM/0.3 nM。


1、CAS号:1086062-66-9

2、分子量:505.5

3、用法用量:可考虑每天两次,每次1毫克。(“Although the MTD of GSK458 was 2.5 mg once daily, twice-daily dosing may increase duration of target inhibition. Fasting insulin and glucose levels served as pharmacodynamic markers of drug exposure. ”《First-in-Human Phase I Study of GSK2126458, an Oral Pan-Class I Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies》“Two MTDs were established for the continuous daily dosing: 2 mg of GSK458 with 1.0 mg of trametinib or 1.0 mg of GSK458 with 1.5 mg of trametinib ”《A phase Ib dose-escalation study of the MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GSK2126458 in patients with advanced solid tumors》)

4、常见副作用:腹泻、高血糖、恶心、呕吐、厌食、皮疹、疲劳




八、Paxalisib (GDC-0084)

Paxalisib (GDC-0084) 是一种能透过血脑屏障的 PI3K 和 mTOR 抑制剂,抑制 PI3Kα,PI3Kβ,PI3Kδ,PI3Kγ 和 mTOR,Ki 值分别为 2 nM,46 nM,3 nM,10 nM 和 70 nM。

1、CAS号:1382979-44-3

2、分子量:382.42

2、用法用量:每天一次,每次不超过45毫克。(“The MTD was determined to be 45 mg GDC-0084 given orally once daily in 28-day cycles.”《First-in-Human Phase I Study to Evaluate the Brain-Penetrant PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor GDC-0084 in Patients with Progressive or Recurrent High-Grade Glioma》)


4、常见副作用:疲劳、高血糖、恶心、皮疹、高甘油三酯血症、粘膜炎、低磷血症、食欲下降、腹泻





九、Voxtalisib (XL765)

Voxtalisib (XL765) 是一种有效的 PI3K 抑制剂,抑制p110α,p110β,p110γ 和 p110δ,IC50 分别为 39, 113, 9 和 43 nM,也抑制 DNA-PK (IC50=150 nM) 和 mTOR (IC50=157 nM)。Voxtalisib (XL765) 抑制 mTORC1 和 mTORC2,IC50s 分别为 160 和 910 nM。


1、CAS号:1123889-87-1

2、分子量:599.65686

3、用法用量:每天两次,每次不超过50毫克。(“MTDs were determined to be pilaralisib tablets 400 mg once daily (QD) or voxtalisib capsules 50 mg twice daily in combination with letrozole tablets 2.5 mg QD.”《Phase I/II dose-escalation study of PI3K inhibitors pilaralisib or voxtalisib in combination with letrozole in patients with hormone-receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer refractory to a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor》)


4、常见副作用:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、转氨酶升高、高血糖、疲劳、粘膜炎、厌食




第二部分pik3ca抑制剂


一、Alpelisib 阿培利司

Alpelisib (BYL-719) 抑制 p110α、p110γ、p110δ、p110β 的 IC50 分别为 5 nM,250 nM,290 nM,1200 nM。

1、cas号:1217486-61-7

2、分子量:441.47

3、用法用量:每日口服一次300mg。起始剂量每日一次300mg,首次减量每日一次250mg,第二次减量每日一次200mg。

4、常见副作用:高血糖,肺炎,恶心,呕吐,极度疲劳,食欲下降,腹泻




二、Inavolisib (GDC-0077)

Inavolisib (GDC-0077, RG6114, RO-7113755) 是一种有效的 PI3K alpha (PI3Kα) 选择性抑制剂,IC50 为 0.038 nM。


1、CAS号: 2060571-02-8

2、分子量:407.37

3、用法用量:每天一次,每次9毫克。(NCT05646862:Participants will be administered a 9 milligram (mg) inavolisib tablet orally once a day (PO QD) on Days 1-28 of each 28-day cycle.)

4、常见副作用:高血糖,肺炎,恶心,呕吐,极度疲劳,食欲下降,腹泻








第三部分 AKT抑制剂

一、Afuresertib (GSK2110183)

Afuresertib (GSK2110183)是一种有效的,口服生物可利用的 Akt 抑制剂,对Akt1,Akt2,和 Akt3 的 Ki 分别为 0.08 nM,2 nM,和 2.6 nM。

1、CAS号:1047644-62-1

2、分子量:427.32

3、用法用量:每天1次,每次50毫克;28天里,吃1-10天,停18天不吃。(《Phase I study of the MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with the AKT inhibitor afuresertib in patients with solid tumors and multiple myeloma》:50 mg afuresertib (Days 1-10 every 28 days))

4、常见副作用:皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡




二、Capivasertib (AZD5363)

Capivasertib (AZD5363)有效抑制Akt(Akt1/Akt2/3)的所有亚型,在无细胞试验中IC50为3 nM/8 nM/8 nM

1、CAS号:1143532-39-1

2、分子量:428.92

3、用法用量:每天两次,每次400毫克;每周吃药4天,停药3天。(《Fulvestrant plus capivasertib versus placebo after relapse or progression on an aromatase inhibitor in metastatic, oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (FAKTION): overall survival, updated progression-free survival, and expanded biomarker analysis from a randomised, phase 2 trial》:capivasertib 400 mg or matching placebo, orally twice daily on an intermittent weekly schedule of 4 days on and 3 days off)

4、常见副作用:皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡






三、Ipatasertib (GDC-0068)

Ipatasertib (GDC-0068, RG7440)是一种高选择性的pan-Akt抑制剂,靶向作用于Akt1/2/3,在无细胞试验中IC50为5 nM/18 nM/8 nM

1、CAS号:1001264-89-6

2、分子量:458

3、用法用量 :每天一次,每次400毫克。(《Ipatasertib plus paclitaxel for PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-altered hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: primary results from cohort B of the IPATunity130 randomized phase 3 trial》:ipatasertib (400 mg, days 1-21) )

4、常见副作用:皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡





四、Miransertib (ARQ-092)

Miransertib(ARQ-092)是一种有效的、选择性的和口服可生物利用的 Akt 变构抑制剂,其对Akt1、Akt2和Akt3的IC50值分别为2.7 nM、14 nM和8.1 nM。

1、CAS号:1313881-70-7

2、分子量:432.52

3、用法用量:每天30-60毫克。(《Pharmacodynamic Study of Miransertib in Individuals with Proteus Syndrome》:A classic dose escalation strategy was used to determine a maximum tolerated dose in adults of 30–60 mg/day for continuous dosing.)

4、常见副作用:皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡







五、MK-2206


MK-2206 是一种高度选择性的Akt1/2/3抑制剂,在无细胞试验中IC50分别为8 nM/12 nM/65 nM

1、CAS号:1032350-13-2

2、分子量:443.94

3、用法用量:每周一次,每次135毫克。(《Phase II, 2-stage, 2-arm, PIK3CA mutation stratified trial of MK-2206 in recurrent endometrial cancer》:The first 18 patients were treated with MK-2206 200 mg weekly. Due to unacceptable toxicity, dose was reduced to 135 mg. )


4、常见副作用:皮疹、恶心呕吐、腹泻、高血糖、肺炎、口腔溃疡






第四部分、分子量小的MTOR抑制剂

一、AZD8055

AZD8055是一种新型的,ATP竞争性mTOR抑制剂,在MDA-MB-468 细胞中IC50为0.8 nM

1、CAS号:1009298-09-2

2、分子量:465.54

3、用法用量:单药时每天两次,每次90毫克。联药时应该减量。(《Safety and tolerability of AZD8055 in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors; a dose-finding phase I study》:The 90 mg BID dose was considered as tolerated in Japanese patients but higher doses were not investigated as this dose was also the maximum tolerated dose in Western patients. )

4、常见副作用:肝转氨酶升高




二、Sapanisertib (MLN0128)

Sapanisertib (MLN0128, INK 128, TAK-228) 是一种有效的,选择性mTOR抑制剂,在无细胞试验中IC50为1 nM;与Rapamycin相比,优先抑制mTORC1/2,且对促侵袭基因敏感。

1、CAS号:1224844-38-5

2、分子量:309.33

3、用法用量:每天一次,每次4毫克。(《Sapanisertib plus Fulvestrant in Postmenopausal Women with Estrogen Receptor-Positive/HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer after Progression on Aromatase Inhibitor》)

4、常见副作用:疲劳、腹泻、恶心呕吐、皮疹







三、Vistusertib (AZD2014)

Vistusertib (AZD2014) 是一种新型 mTOR 抑制剂,无细胞试验中IC50为2.8 nM

1、CAS号:1009298-59-2

2、分子量:462.54

3、用法用量:每天两次,每次50毫克。(《Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Paclitaxel Plus Vistusertib vs Paclitaxel Alone in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: The OCTOPUS Multicenter, Phase 2, Randomized Clinical Trial》:plus oral vistusertib (50 mg twice daily) )

4、常见副作用:乏力、恶心呕吐、腹泻、肺炎、口腔溃疡、高血糖
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